『The Sociology of Philosophies : A Global Theory of Intellectual Change』[本文目次]

Randall Collins

(1998年8月刊行,Harvard University Press,ISBN:0674816471 [hbk] / ISBN:0674001877 [pbk])



昨年の科学哲学会(札幌)で教えてもらった本.1100ページを越える電話帳.古今東西の哲学者たちの知的系譜とネットワークが随所に描かれている.Belknap の本もこれくらいの厚さになると造本が収斂するようだ(というか物理的制約のために選択肢がかぎられてくるのだろう).紙質や触り心地が,同じ出版社からかつて出たほぼ同じ頁数(といっても100ページほど負けているが)の Ernst Mayr『The Growth of Biological Thought : Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance』(1982年刊行,Harvard University Press,ISBN:0674364457)とそっくりだ.“電話帳”ならではの質感と量感は確かに収斂している.




【本文目次】
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi


Introduction 1

THE SKELETON OF THEORY

1. Coalitions in the Mind 19
 General Theory of Interaction Rituals 20
 The Interaction Rituals of Intellectuals 24
 The Opportunity Structure 37
 The Sociology of Thinking 46
2. Networks across the Generations 54
 The rarity of Major Creativity 54
 Who Will Be Remembered? 58
 What Do Minor Philosophers Do? 61
 The Structural Mold of Intellectual Life : Long-Term Chains in China and Greece 64
 The Importance of Personal Ties 68
 The Structural Crunch 74
3. Partitioning Attention Space : The Case of Ancient Greece 80
 The Intellectual Law of Small Numbers 81
 The Forming of an Argumentative Network and the Launching of Greek Philoisophy 82
 How Long Do Organized Schools Last? 89
 Small Numbers Crisis and the Creativity of the Post-Socratic Generation 97
 The Hellenistic Realignment of Positions 103
 The Roman Base and the Second Realignment 109
 The Stimulus of Religious Polarization 119
 The Showdown of Christianity versus the Pagan United Front 123
 Two Kinds of Creativity 131

COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES — PART I: ASIAN PATHS

4. Innovation by Opposition: Ancient China 137
 The Sequence of Oppositions in Ancient China 137
 Centralization in the Han Dynasty : The Forming of Official Confucianism and Its Opposition 153
 The Changing Landscape of External Supports 158
 The Gentry-Official Culture : The Pure Conversation Movement and the Dark Learning 168
 Class Culture and the Freezing of Creativity in Indigenous Chinese Philosophy 174
5. External and Internal Politics of the Intellectual World: India 177
 Sociopolitical Bases of Religious Ascendancies 178
 Religious Bases of Philosophical Factions : Divisions and Recombination of Vedic Ritualists 193
 The Crowded Competition of the Sages 195
 Monastic Movements and the Forming of Hindu Lay Culture 200
 Anti-monastic Opposition and the Forming of Hindu Lay Culture 208
 Partitioning the Intellectual Attention Space 213
 The Buddhist-Hindu Watershed 224
 The Post-Buddhist Resettlement of Intellectual Territories 255
 Scholasticism and Syncretism in the Decline of Hindu Philosophy 268
6. Revolutions of the Organizational Base: Buddhist and Neo-Confucian China 272
 Buddhism and the Organizational Transformation of Medieval China 274
 Intellectual Foreign Relations of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism 279
 Creative Philosophies in Chinese Buddhism 281
 The Ch'an (Zen) Revolution 290
 The Neo-Confucian Revival 299
 The Weak Continuity of Chinese Metaphysics 316
7. Innovation through Conservatism: Japan 322
 Japan as Transformer of Chinese Buddhism 326
 The Inflation of Zen Enligtenment and the Scholasticization of Koan 341
 Tokugawa as a Modernizing Society 347
 The Divergence of Secularist Naturalism and Neoconservatism 361
 Conservatism and Intellectual Creativity 367
 The Myth of the Opening of Japan 369


Conclusions to Part I : The Ingredients of Intellectual Life 379

COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES — PART II: WESTERN PATHS

8. Tensions of Indigenous and Imported Ideas: Islam, Judaism, Christendom 387
 Philosophy within a Religious Context 388
 The Muslim World : An Intellectual Community Anchored by a Politicized Religion 392
 Four Factions 395
 Realignment of Factions in the 900s 407
 The Culmination of the Philosophical Networks : Ibn Sina and al-Ghaseli 417
 Routinization of Sufis and Scholastics 423
 Spain as the Hinge of Medieval Philosophy 428
 Coda : Are Idea Imports a Substance for Creativity 446
9. Academic Expansion as a Two-Edged Sword: Medieval Christendom 451
 The Organizational Bases of Christian Thought 455
 The Inner Autonomy of the University 463
 The Breakup of Theological Philosophy 485
 Intellectuals as Courtiers : The Humanists 497
 The Question of Intellectual Stagnation 501
 Coda : The Intellectual Demotalization of the Late Twentieth Century 521
10. Cross-Breeding Networks and Rapid-Discovery Science 523
 A Cascade of Creative Circles 526
 Philosophical Connections of the Scientific Revolution 532
 Three Revolutions and Their Networks 556
 The Mathematicians 557
 The Scientific Revolutions 559
 The Philosophical Revolution : Bacon and Descartes 562
11. Secularization and Philosophical Meta-territoriality 570
 Secularization of the Intellectual Base 573
 Geopolitics and Cleavages within Catholicism 574
 Reemergance of the Metaphysical Field 587
 Jewish Millennialism and Spinoza's Religion of Reason 589
 Leibniz's Mathematical Metaphysics 591
 Rival Philosophies upon the Space of Religious Toleration 594
 Deism and the Independence of Value Theory 600
 The Reversal of Alliances 603
 Anti-modernist Modernism and the Anti-scientific Opposition 609
 The Triumph of Epistemology 613
12. Intellectuals Take Control of Their Base: The German University Revolution 618
 The German Idealist Movement 622
 Philosophy Captures the University 638
 Idealism as Ideology of the University Revolution 650
 Political Crisis as the Outer Layer of Causality 661
 The Spread of the University Revolution 663
13. The Post-revolutionary Condition: Boundaries as Philosophical Puzzles 688
 Meta-territories upon the Science-Philosophy Border 694
 The Social Invention of Higher Mathematics 697
 The Logicism of Russell and Wittgenstein 709
 The Vienna Circle as a Nexus of Struggles 717
 The Ordinary Language Reaction against Logical Formalism 731
 Wittgenstein's Tortured Path 734
 From Mathematical Foundations Crisis to Husserl's Phenomenology 737
 Heidegger : Catholic Anti-modernism Intersects the Phenomenological Movement 743
 Division of the Phenomenological Movement 748
 The Ideology of the Continental-Anglo Split 751
14. Writers, Markets and Academic Networks: The French Connection 754
 The Secularization Struggle and French Popular Philosophy 757
 Existentialists as Literary-Academic Hybrids 764
 Envoi : Into the Fog of the Present 782

META-REFLECTIONS

15. Sequence and Branch in the Social Production of Ideas 787
 The Continuum of Abstraction and Reflexivity 787
 Three Pathways : Cosmological, Epistemological-Metaphysical, Mathematical 800
 The Future of Philosophy 856


Epilogue: Sociological Realism 858


Appendix
 1: The Clustering of Contemporaneous Creativity 883
 2: The Incompleteness of Our Historical Picture 890
 3: Keys to Figures 893


Notes 947
References 1035
Index of Persons 1069
Index of Subjects 1089