Randall Collins
(1998年8月刊行,Harvard University Press,ISBN:0674816471 [hbk] / ISBN:0674001877 [pbk])
昨年の科学哲学会(札幌)で教えてもらった本.1100ページを越える電話帳.古今東西の哲学者たちの知的系譜とネットワークが随所に描かれている.Belknap の本もこれくらいの厚さになると造本が収斂するようだ(というか物理的制約のために選択肢がかぎられてくるのだろう).紙質や触り心地が,同じ出版社からかつて出たほぼ同じ頁数(といっても100ページほど負けているが)の Ernst Mayr『The Growth of Biological Thought : Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance』(1982年刊行,Harvard University Press,ISBN:0674364457)とそっくりだ.“電話帳”ならではの質感と量感は確かに収斂している.
【本文目次】
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction 1
THE SKELETON OF THEORY
1. Coalitions in the Mind 19
General Theory of Interaction Rituals 20
The Interaction Rituals of Intellectuals 24
The Opportunity Structure 37
The Sociology of Thinking 46
2. Networks across the Generations 54
The rarity of Major Creativity 54
Who Will Be Remembered? 58
What Do Minor Philosophers Do? 61
The Structural Mold of Intellectual Life : Long-Term Chains in China and Greece 64
The Importance of Personal Ties 68
The Structural Crunch 74
3. Partitioning Attention Space : The Case of Ancient Greece 80
The Intellectual Law of Small Numbers 81
The Forming of an Argumentative Network and the Launching of Greek Philoisophy 82
How Long Do Organized Schools Last? 89
Small Numbers Crisis and the Creativity of the Post-Socratic Generation 97
The Hellenistic Realignment of Positions 103
The Roman Base and the Second Realignment 109
The Stimulus of Religious Polarization 119
The Showdown of Christianity versus the Pagan United Front 123
Two Kinds of Creativity 131COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES — PART I: ASIAN PATHS
4. Innovation by Opposition: Ancient China 137
The Sequence of Oppositions in Ancient China 137
Centralization in the Han Dynasty : The Forming of Official Confucianism and Its Opposition 153
The Changing Landscape of External Supports 158
The Gentry-Official Culture : The Pure Conversation Movement and the Dark Learning 168
Class Culture and the Freezing of Creativity in Indigenous Chinese Philosophy 174
5. External and Internal Politics of the Intellectual World: India 177
Sociopolitical Bases of Religious Ascendancies 178
Religious Bases of Philosophical Factions : Divisions and Recombination of Vedic Ritualists 193
The Crowded Competition of the Sages 195
Monastic Movements and the Forming of Hindu Lay Culture 200
Anti-monastic Opposition and the Forming of Hindu Lay Culture 208
Partitioning the Intellectual Attention Space 213
The Buddhist-Hindu Watershed 224
The Post-Buddhist Resettlement of Intellectual Territories 255
Scholasticism and Syncretism in the Decline of Hindu Philosophy 268
6. Revolutions of the Organizational Base: Buddhist and Neo-Confucian China 272
Buddhism and the Organizational Transformation of Medieval China 274
Intellectual Foreign Relations of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism 279
Creative Philosophies in Chinese Buddhism 281
The Ch'an (Zen) Revolution 290
The Neo-Confucian Revival 299
The Weak Continuity of Chinese Metaphysics 316
7. Innovation through Conservatism: Japan 322
Japan as Transformer of Chinese Buddhism 326
The Inflation of Zen Enligtenment and the Scholasticization of Koan 341
Tokugawa as a Modernizing Society 347
The Divergence of Secularist Naturalism and Neoconservatism 361
Conservatism and Intellectual Creativity 367
The Myth of the Opening of Japan 369
Conclusions to Part I : The Ingredients of Intellectual Life 379COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES — PART II: WESTERN PATHS
8. Tensions of Indigenous and Imported Ideas: Islam, Judaism, Christendom 387
Philosophy within a Religious Context 388
The Muslim World : An Intellectual Community Anchored by a Politicized Religion 392
Four Factions 395
Realignment of Factions in the 900s 407
The Culmination of the Philosophical Networks : Ibn Sina and al-Ghaseli 417
Routinization of Sufis and Scholastics 423
Spain as the Hinge of Medieval Philosophy 428
Coda : Are Idea Imports a Substance for Creativity 446
9. Academic Expansion as a Two-Edged Sword: Medieval Christendom 451
The Organizational Bases of Christian Thought 455
The Inner Autonomy of the University 463
The Breakup of Theological Philosophy 485
Intellectuals as Courtiers : The Humanists 497
The Question of Intellectual Stagnation 501
Coda : The Intellectual Demotalization of the Late Twentieth Century 521
10. Cross-Breeding Networks and Rapid-Discovery Science 523
A Cascade of Creative Circles 526
Philosophical Connections of the Scientific Revolution 532
Three Revolutions and Their Networks 556
The Mathematicians 557
The Scientific Revolutions 559
The Philosophical Revolution : Bacon and Descartes 562
11. Secularization and Philosophical Meta-territoriality 570
Secularization of the Intellectual Base 573
Geopolitics and Cleavages within Catholicism 574
Reemergance of the Metaphysical Field 587
Jewish Millennialism and Spinoza's Religion of Reason 589
Leibniz's Mathematical Metaphysics 591
Rival Philosophies upon the Space of Religious Toleration 594
Deism and the Independence of Value Theory 600
The Reversal of Alliances 603
Anti-modernist Modernism and the Anti-scientific Opposition 609
The Triumph of Epistemology 613
12. Intellectuals Take Control of Their Base: The German University Revolution 618
The German Idealist Movement 622
Philosophy Captures the University 638
Idealism as Ideology of the University Revolution 650
Political Crisis as the Outer Layer of Causality 661
The Spread of the University Revolution 663
13. The Post-revolutionary Condition: Boundaries as Philosophical Puzzles 688
Meta-territories upon the Science-Philosophy Border 694
The Social Invention of Higher Mathematics 697
The Logicism of Russell and Wittgenstein 709
The Vienna Circle as a Nexus of Struggles 717
The Ordinary Language Reaction against Logical Formalism 731
Wittgenstein's Tortured Path 734
From Mathematical Foundations Crisis to Husserl's Phenomenology 737
Heidegger : Catholic Anti-modernism Intersects the Phenomenological Movement 743
Division of the Phenomenological Movement 748
The Ideology of the Continental-Anglo Split 751
14. Writers, Markets and Academic Networks: The French Connection 754
The Secularization Struggle and French Popular Philosophy 757
Existentialists as Literary-Academic Hybrids 764
Envoi : Into the Fog of the Present 782META-REFLECTIONS
15. Sequence and Branch in the Social Production of Ideas 787
The Continuum of Abstraction and Reflexivity 787
Three Pathways : Cosmological, Epistemological-Metaphysical, Mathematical 800
The Future of Philosophy 856
Epilogue: Sociological Realism 858
Appendix
1: The Clustering of Contemporaneous Creativity 883
2: The Incompleteness of Our Historical Picture 890
3: Keys to Figures 893
Notes 947
References 1035
Index of Persons 1069
Index of Subjects 1089