『What Is Biodiversity?』

James Maclaurin and Kim Sterelny

（2008年7月刊行，The University of Chicago Press，xii+217 pp.，ISBN:9780226500805 [hbk] / ISBN:9780226500812 [pbk] → 版元ページ）

【目次】
Acknowledgments xi

1 Taxonomy Red in Tooth and Claw 1

1.1 Biodiversity and “Biodiversity” 1
1.2 Biodiversity and Biodiversities 5
1.3 History and Taxonomy 9
1.4 Diversity as Cause; Diversity as Effect 21
1.5 Prospectus: The Road Ahead 24

2 Species: A Modest Proposal 27

2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Species, Species Concepts, and Speciation 31
2.3 The Effect of Speciation 37
2.4 Species and Biodiversity 40

3 Disparity and Diversity 42

3.1 The Cone of Increasing Controversy 42
3.2 How Disparate Was the Cambrian Fauna? 45
3.3 Fossils in a Molecular World 50

4 Morphology and Morphological Diversity 60

4.1 Introduction 60
4.2 Morphological Diversity 61
4.3 Biological Possibility Spaces 65
4.4 The Power of Morphospaces 69
4.5 Here There Be No Dragons: The Limits of Theoretical Morphology 75
4.6 Morphological Biodiversity 79

5 Development and Diversity 84

5.1 Diversity, Disparity, Plasticity 84
5.2 The Variety of Developmental Resources 87
5.3 From Gene Regulation to Modularity 93
5.4 Modularity in Development and Evolution 100
5.5 Developmental Biodiversity 103

6 Explorations in Ecospace 106

6.1 Ecological Systems 106
6.2 Communities, Ecosystems, and Ecosystem Functions 114
6.3 Individualism and Community Regulation 116
6.4 The Emergent Property Hypothesis 119
6.5 Boundaries 124
6.6 The Space of Population Assemblages 126

7 Conservation Biology: The Measurement Problem 132

7.1 Introduction 132
7.2 Counting Taxa 135
7.3 Measuring Phylogenetic Diversity 139
7.4 Measuring Genetic Diversity 142
7.5 Biodiversity Surrogates 145

8 Conservation Biology: The Evaluation Problem 149

8.1 Value 149
8.2 Is Biodiversity Intrinsically Valuable? 150
8.3 Demand Value 151
8.4 The Option Value Option 154
8.5 Applying Option Value: Case 1, Phylogeny 157
8.6 Applying Option Value: Case 2, Bioprospecting 164
8.7 Applying Option Value: Case 3, Ecological Option Value 167
8.8 The Conservation Consequences of Option Value Models 170

9 Concluding Remarks 172

9.1 Introduction: The Temptations of a Unified Measure 172
9.2 The Variety of Diversities 174
9.3 Should We Conserve Species? 176


Notes 179
References 186
Index 207