Brent Berlin
（1992年刊行，Princeton University Press, Princeton，xviii+335pp，ISBN:0691094691）
【目次】
Preface xiPart One: Plan
Chapter 1: On the making of a comparative ethnobiology 3
1.1 Intellectualist and utilitarian approach to ethnobiology 3
1.2 Why is it notable that nonliterates "Know so much" about nature 5
1.3 The bases of ethnobiological classification 8
1.4 Relativist and comparativist approaches in ethnobiology 11
1.5 General principles of ethnobiological classification, 1966-1976 13
1.6 Band-auds or tune-up? : General principles, 1989 20
1.7 Summary of general principles 31
1.8 The changing conventions of data presentation as a reflection of changing theory of ethnobiological classification 35Chapter 2: The primacy of generic taxa in ethnobiological classification 52
2.1 The selected subset of plants and animals 53
2.2 The concept of the genus : Historical antecedents 54
2.3 Evidence for the perceptual salience of generic taxa 60
2.4 Generic taxa, ethnobiological rank, and analytic terminology 64
2.5 On predicting the subset of generic taxa 78
2.6 The internal structure of folk generic taxa 90
2.7 Nature's fortune 500+ : Empirical generalizations on the upper numbers of generic taxa in systems of ethnobiological classification 96Chapter 3: The nature of specific taxa 102
3.1 Distinctive biological properties of specific taxa 103
3.2 The internal structure of specific contrast sets 108
3.3 Residual categories? 114
3.4 General nomenclatural properties of specific taxa 116
3.5 Cultural factors contributing to the recognition of specific taxa 118
3.6 Patterns in the distribution and size of specific contrast sets 122Chapter 4: Natural and not so natural higher-order categories 134
4.1 Higher-order categories in ethnobiological classification 138
4.2 Taxa of intermediate rank 139
4.3 Taxa of life-form rank 161
4.4 The nature of unaffiliated generic taxa and the life-form debate 171
4.5 Convert groupings of unaffiliated generics = covert life-forms? 176
4.6 The bases of life-form taxa : Utilitarian vs. perceptual motivations 181
4.7 The plant and animal kingdoms 190Part Two: Process
Chapter 5: Patterned variation in ethnobiological knowledge 199
5.1 Werner's gray-haired omniscient native speaker-hearer 200
5.2 The basic data of ethnobiological description and the search for patterns 201
5.3 Collecting the basic data from which patterns might emerge 202
5.4 Some significant types of variation in ethnobiological knowledge 203
5.5 Discovering the patterns underlying the biological ranges of folk taxa 206
5.6 Some factors contributing to cognitive variation 223Chapter 6: _Manchung_ and _Bikia_ : The nonarbitrariness of ethnobiological nomenclature 232
6.1 Early experiments on sound symbolism 234
6.2 Ethnobiological sound symbolism in Huambisa : Birds and fish 235
6.3 Universal sound symbolism or simple Onomatopoeia? 240
6.4 Comparison with other ethnoornithological vocabukaries 245
6.5 Fish, again 247
6.6 Closing observations on Huambisa sound symbolism 249
6.7 "-r-" is for250
6.8 Lexical reflections of cultural significance 255Chapter 7: The substance and evolution of ethnobiological categories 260
7.1 Toward a substative inventory of ethnobiological categories 261
7.2 The evolution of ethnobiological categories : Typological speculations 272
7.3 Epilogue 290
References 291
Author index 309
Index of scientific names 313
Index of ethnobiological names 322
Subject index 331
