Ron Amundson
（2007年刊行［ハードカバー版は2005年］，Cambridge University Press［Cambridge Studies in Phiosophy and Biology］， ISBN:9780521806992 [hbk] / ISBN:9780521703970 [pbk] → 版元ページ hbk / pbk）
【目次】
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Introduction
1.1 Evo--Devo as New and Old Science 1
1.2 Evo--Devo and the Windfall of the 1990s 4
1.3 How I Came to Write this Book 9
1.4 Historical Format 11
1.5 Epistemological Concepts in Historical Context 14
1.5.1 Inductivist Caution 14
1.5.2 Idealism 16
1.5.3 Two Essentialisms 18
1.6 Explanatory Relativity 20
1.7 Historical Conventions 22
1.8 Historical Pre'cis 23PART I. DARWIN’S CENTURY: BEYOND THE ESSENTIALISM STORY
2 Systematics and the Birth of the Natural System
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 The Discovery of Species Fixism 34
2.3 Linnaeus and His Contemporaries 39
2.4 French Systems: Jussieu and Cuvier 41
2.5 British Systems and the Growth of Taxonomic Realism 45
2.6 Review of Species Fixism, Essentialism, and Real Groups 50
3 The Origins of Morphology, the Science of Form
3.1 Morphology and Natural Theology 53
3.2 Form as a Topic of Study 55
3.2.1 Goethe 55
3.2.2 The Great Cuvier-Geoffroy Debate 56
3.2.3 Von Baer and Development 58
3.2.4 The Study of Form Summarized 61
3.3 Natural Theologians on Unity of Type 62
3.3.1 William Paley 63
3.3.2 William Buckland 64
3.3.3 Charles Bell 64
3.3.4 William Whewell 65
3.3.5 Peter Mark Roget 66
3.4 The Structural Turn 67
3.4.1 Martin Barry 68
3.4.2 William Carpenter 70
3.4.3 Rudolph Leuckart 72
3.5 What is Natural Theology? 73
4 Owen and Darwin, The Archetype and the Ancestor
4.1 Introduction 76
4.2 Typology Defined: Kinds of Types 78
4.3 Owen Builds the Archetype 82
4.4 Owen on Species Origins 88
4.5 Anti-Adaptationism 93
4.6 Darwin’s use of Morphological Types 96
4.7 Misunderstanding Darwin on Owen 99
4.8 Darwin on Unity of Type 102
4.9 A Structuralist Evolutionary Theory? 103
4.10 How Darwin Differed 104
5 Evolutionary Morphology: The First Generation of Evolutionists
5.1 The Program of Evolutionary Morphology 107
5.2 Evolutionary Morphology as Non-Darwinian and as Darwinian 108
5.3 The Biogenetic Law 112
5.4 Early Origins in Phylogeny and Ontogeny 114
5.5 Explaining Form 118
5.6 The Struggles of Evolutionary Morphology 121
5.7 The Conflict between Adaptation and Structure 125
6 Interlude
6.1 Two Narratives of the History of Evolutionary Biology 130
6.2 One Theory or Two? 130
6.3 Grounds for Species Fixism 131
6.4 Darwin’s other Primary Achievement: The Tree of Life 132
6.5 The Significance of Gappiness 134
6.6 And Forward 136PART II. NEO-DARWIN’S CENTURY: EXPLAINING THE ABSENCE AND THE REAPPEARANCE OF DEVELOPMENT IN EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT
7 The Invention of Heredity
7.1 Truisms of Heredity 139
7.2 Epigenetic Origins of Heredity 140
7.3 Epigenetic Heredity During the Nineteenth Century 143
7.3.1 Martin Barry 143
7.3.2 Charles Darwin 144
7.3.3 August Weismann 144
7.4 The Cleavage between Heredity and Development 148
7.5 Reinforcing the Dichotomy: Rewriting Weismann and Johannsen 152
7.6 Broad and Narrow Heredity 155
8 Basics of the Evolutionary Synthesis
8.1 A Long Story Made Short 159
8.2 The Struggles of Natural Selection 160
8.3 Problems in Characterizing the Evolutionary Synthesis 161
8.4 The Evolutionary Synthesis Characterized 163
8.5 By-Products of the Core of Synthesis Thought 166
8.5.1 Systematics 166
8.5.2 Phylogeny 167
8.5.3 Mechanisms 167
9 Structuralist Reactions to the Synthesis
9.1 Experimental Embryology and the Synthesis 169
9.2 The Program of Experimental Embryology 170
9.3 The Embryological Critique of the Synthesis 175
9.3.1 Critique 1: The Causal Completeness Principle 175
9.3.2 Critique 2: The Developmental Paradox 177
9.3.3 Critique 3: Fundamental versus Superficial Characters 180
9.3.4 Cytoplasmic Inheritance versus Darwinian Extrapolation 185
9.4 Points of Contact among Developmental and Genetic Biologists, and Synthesis Evolutionists 189
9.4.1 Sewall Wright 190
9.4.2 Oxford Morphology 191
9.4.3 Waddington and Schmalhausen 193
9.4.4 Richard Goldschmidt 195
9.5 Historical Reflection: Explanatory Goals 196
9.5.1 Form-Theoretic Evolutionary Theory 196
9.5.2 Change-Theoretic Evolutionary Theory 197
10 The Synthesis Matures
10.1 The Darwin Centennial Celebration 198
10.2 Uses of Dichotomies 201
10.3 Proximate versus Ultimate: Context 203
10.4 Population Thinking versus Typological Thinking: Context 204
10.5 Ernst Mayr as a Structuralist? 209
10.6 The Enlarged Quiver of Dichotomies 211
11 Recent Debates and the Continuing Tension
11.1 Diversity versus Commonality: Starting with Genes 213
11.2 The Four Dichotomies Defend the Synthesis 218
11.2.1 Maynard Smith: The Germ Line-Soma Critique 218
11.2.2 Hamburger and Wallace: The Typological and Germ Line-Soma Critiques 219
11.2.3 Mayr: The Proximate-Ultimate and Genotype-Phenotype Critiques 222
11.2.4 Refutation by Slogan? 224
11.3 Populations, Ontogenies, and Ontologies 225
11.4 Adaptationist Ontology: How the Focus on Diversity Affects Ontology 226
11.5 Structuralist Ontology: Commonality and Developmental Types 229
11.6 Concepts of Homology 238
11.6.1 The Historical Concept of Homology 238
11.6.2 The Developmental Concept of Homology 240
11.7 A Philosophical Ontology of Evo--Devo 244
11.8 A Newer Synthesis? 250
References 259
Index 275
