『Biogeography in a Changing World』

Malte C. Ebach and Raymond S. Tangney (eds.)

(2006年11月1日刊行,CRC Press[Systematics Association Special Volume Series 70], ISBN:0849380383版元ページ



【目次】
Preface (Malte C. Ebach and Raymond S. Tangney) v
A Pangea That Covers the World (Neal Adams) vii
Editors ix
Contributors xi


Introduction (Malte C. Ebach) xvii

ERNST HAECKEL AND LOUIS AGASSIZ: TREES THAT BITE AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DIMENSION (David M. Williams) 1

Introduction 2
People That Bite: Plagiarism and the Threefold Parallelism 3
The Threefold Parallelism: Its Beginning (Tiedemann, 1808)? 4
Ernst Haeckel and Darwinism 7
Trees That Bite: Haeckel's Genealogical Oaks and Stick 'Trees' 8
Heinrich Georg Bronn: Trunks and Twigs 9
Schleicher, Linguistics and Trees 13
Haeckel and Palaeontological Truth 16
Haeckel's 'Hypotheische Skizze des monophyletischen Ursprungs und der Verbreitung der 12 Menschen-Species von Lemurien aus /er die Erde' and the Concept of Chorology 23
The Development of Chorology 27
Origins 30
Realms, Regions and Provinces 33
Agassiz' (1854) Geographical Realms: The Natural Provinces of Mankind 35
Regions, Homology and Relationships 38
Sclater, Huxley and the Classification of Regions 38
Croizat's Radical Realms: Ocean Basin and Cladograms 39
Summary: The Threefold Parallelism: ... and Its End (Nelson, 1978A) 43
Acknowledgements 44
References 44

COMMON CAUSE AND HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY (Lynne R. Parenti) 61

Introduction 61
Cladistic vs. Phylogenetic Biogeography 63
Methods of Historical Biogeography 66
Geology and Dispersal 68
Molecules and Time 71
Global Biogeographic Patterns vs. Biogeographic Realms or Regions 75
Conclusions 77
Acknowledgements 77
References 77

A BRIEF LOOK AT PACIFIC BIOGEOGRAPHY: THE TRANS-OCEANIC TRAVELS OF MICROSERIS (ANGIOSPERMS: ASTERACEAE) (John R. Grehan) 83


Introduction 83
Molecular Mythology 84
Geology First? 84
A Primer in Biogeography 85
Logic of Dispersal 86
Dispersal through Migration 86
Microseris (Panbio)geography 87
Dispersal through Form-Making 91
Past, Present, Future 91
Acknowledgements 92
References 92

BIOTIC ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND VICARIANCE BIOGEOGRAPHY (Bernhard Hausdorf and Christian Hennig) 95

Introduction 96
The Vicariance Model 96
Tests of the Vicariance Model 98
Determination of Biotic Elements 101
Case Studies 101
Other Biogeographical Tests of the Vicariance Model 111
Conclusions 112
References 112

EVOLUTION OF SPECIFIC AND GENETIC DIVERSITY DURING ONTOGENY OF ISLAND FLORAS: THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING PROCESS FOR INTERPRETING ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS (Tod F. Stuessy) 117

Introduction 118
General Aspects of Oceanic Island Ontogeny 120
A Hypothesis for the Ontogeny of Oceanic Island Floras 121
Implications of the Hypothesis 128
Acknowledgements 129
References 130

EVENT-BASED BIOGEOGRAPHY: INTEGRATING PATTERNS, PROCESSES AND TIME (Isabel Sanmartín) 135

Introduction 136
Parsimony-Based Tree Fitting 139
An Empirical Example: Nothofagus Biogeography 143
Area Biogeography: Southern Hemisphere Biogeographic Patterns 146
Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis 148
An Empirical Example: Holarctic Biogeography 153
Acknowledgements 156
References 156

PHYLOGEOGRAPHY IN HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY: INVESTIGATING THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORIES OF POPULATIONS, SPECIES, AND YOUNG BIOTAS (Brett R. Riddle and David J. Hafner) 161

Introduction 161
Phylogeography vs. Historical Biogeography 162
From Single-Taxon to Comparative Phylogeography 166
Towards an Integration of Phylogeography and Historical Biogeography 170
Future Directions 172
Acknowledgements 172
References 173

ARE PLATE TECTONIC EXPLANATIONS FOR TRANS-PACIFIC DISJUNCTIONS PLAUSIBLE? EMPIRICAL TESTS OF RADICAL DISPERSALIST THEORIES (Dennis McCarthy) 177

Introduction / The du Toit Denouement 178
Should Ocean-Crossing Taxa Be Wide-Ranging? 182
Furtive Fossils 186
Dispersal Counts, Biotic Similarity and the Distance Effect 188
Brief Responses 190
Geological Concerns 191
Summary 192
Acknowledgements 194
References 195


Index 199