Jack Wilson
（1999年刊行，Cambridge University Press［Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Biology］, Cambridge, xii+137pp. ISBN:0521624258 [hbk]）
【目次】
Acknowledgements xii1. Beyond horses and oak trees: A new theory of individuation for living entities 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The meaning of 'a life' 2
1.3 The poverty of examples 5
1.4 Imaginary examples and conceptual analysis 9
1.5 What is it? 162. The biological and philosophical roots of individuality 22
2.1 Why biologists (should) care about individuality 22
2.2 Philosophers on living entities 27
2.3 Natural kinds and substantial kinds 35
2.4 Patterns and natural kinds 423. Individuality and equivocation 48
3.1 Paradigm individuals: The higher animals 48
3.2 Othe possible solutions 56
3.3 The proposed solution 594. The necessity of biological origin and substantial kinds 69
4.1 A valid argument for sortal essentialism 69
4.2 The necessity of biological origin 72
4.3 Sex 80
4.4 Species membership and the necessity of genealogy 825. Generation and corruption 86
5.1 Genetic individuals 86
5.2 Functional individuals 89
5.3 Developmental individuals 99
5.4 Raising the dead 1016. Personal identity naturalized: Our selves 105
6.1 Human beings as biological entities 105
6.2 Is a person a human being 111
6.3 Conclusions 117
Appendix. Identity and sortals: Why relative identity is self-contradictory 119
Notes 127
References 131
Index 135
