『Ancestors in Evolutionary Biology: Linear Thinking about Branching Trees』目次

Ronald A. Jenner
（2022年8月刊行, Cambridge University Press［Systematics Association Special Volume: 91］, Cambridge, x+385 pp., ISBN:978-1-107-10593-5 [hbk] → 版元ページ）

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【目次】
Acknowledgments x

1 A History of Narrative Phylogenetics 1

1.1 Why This Book? 1
1.2 Outline of the Book 4

2 From Archetypes to Ancestors 8

2.1 Ideal Beginnings? 8
2.2 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Imagining Archetypes 10
2.3 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Unity of Plan 14
2.4 Richard Owen and the Vertebrate Archetype 29
2.5 Reifying Archetypes: The Birth of the Evolutionary Ancestor 35
2.6 The First Common Ancestors: A Coda on Lamarck 38
2.7 Epistemic Fallout from a Metaphysical Revolution 39

3 The Emergence of Lineage Thinking 44

3.1 Systematics and the Shape of Nature 45
3.2 Methods of Classification 46
3.3 The Shape of the Natural System 47
3.4 Toward a Realist Interpretation of the Natural System 55
3.5 The Temporal Reinterpretation of the Natural System 58
3.6 The Darwinian Revision of the Natural System 64
3.7 Crossing the Phylogenetic Frontier 78
3.8 The Need to Speculate 82

4 Ernst Haeckel’s Evolutionary Storytelling 86

4.1 Ernst Haeckel and the First Phylogenetics 86
4.2 Haeckel’s Phylogeny and Genealogy: Distinct but Inseparable 88
4.3 Are Haeckel’s Trees Darwinian? 89
4.4 Haeckel’s Ancestors 104
4.5 Haeckel’s Phylogenetic Evidence 106
4.6 The Need for Imagination 108
4.7 A Portrait Gallery of Ancestors 109
4.8 Progressive Evolution 117
4.9 Jump-Starting the Post-Haeckelian Hunt for Ancestors 120

5 The Epistemic Rise of Hypothetical Ancestors 122

5.1 Hypothetical Ancestors as Central Subjects in Scenarios 122
5.2 Fritz Müller’s Scenario for the Origin of Root-Heads 124
5.3 No De Novo Origins 127
5.4 The Precursor Potential of Hypothetical Ancestors 133
5.5 The Unequal Eye and the Perspectival Nature of Scenarios 140
5.6 When Imagination Falters 144

6 Intuiting Evolution 150

6.1 Intuiting the Arrow of Evolution 150
6.2 Morphological Seriation: The Arrow at the Heart of the Threefold Parallelism 152
6.3 Evolutionary Intuitions as Narrative Tools 160
6.4 The Flatlining of Evolutionary Intuitions 167
6.5 Unimaginable Evolution and the Denial of Common Descent 169

7 Telling Straight Stories with Fossils 181

7.1 Fossils and the Arrow of Stratigraphy 181
7.2 Hilgendorf, Hyatt, and the Steinheim Snails 185
7.3 Orthogenesis: A Straight Story from Beginning to End 191
7.4 Nonorthogenetic Linear Thinking with Fossils 199
7.5 Othenio Abel: A Straight-Thinking Orthogeneticist 206
7.6 Linear Thinking with Branching Evidence 208

8 Seeing Animal Ancestors in Embryos 217

8.1 Haeckel’s Gastraea Theory 217
8.2 Lankester’s Planula Theory 220
8.3 Balfour’s Amphiblastula Theory 222
8.4 Metschnikoff’s Parenchymella/Phagocytella Theory 225
8.5 Bütschli’s Plakula Theory 231
8.6 Judging a Phylogenetic Face-Off 234
8.7 Modern Perspectives on Early Animal Evolution 239

9 Ancestral Attractions and Phylogenetic Folklore 242

9.1 Amphistomy, Anemones, and the Origin of Bilateria 243
9.2 A Dissenting View from America 253
9.3 The Ciliate Ancestry of Animals 257
9.4 Annelids as Ultimate Ancestors 263

10 Narrative Shortcuts and Phylogenetic Faux Pas 282

10.1 Narrative Ghosts in the Cladistic Machine 282
10.2 Cutting Corners with Pruned Trees 288
10.3 Wringing Water from Stones 290
10.4 Ancestral Adjectives and Using Trees as Predictors 291

11 Taxic Distortions of Lineage Thinking 298

11.1 Gould’s Blind Spot and His Denial of Linear Descent 299
11.2 Tree Thinking and the Rejection of Linear Narratives 305
11.3 The Influence of Gould’s Blind Spot and the Cladistic Blindfold 308
11.4 The Importance of Lineage Thinking 319
11.5 Paraphyly, Ancestors, and Taxic Extremism 320

12 Making Sense with Stories 327

12.1 Evolutionary Storytelling Is Inescapable 327
12.2 Leveraging Stories with Stories 331
12.3 Optimality Criteria versus Storytelling 333References 336
Index 379